Īs an ankylosaurid, Tarchia would have had a broad, low-slung body, positioned on strong short legs. Paul had estimated a body length of 5.5 meters (18 ft) and a weight of 2.5 tonnes (2.75 short tons) suggesting that Minotaurasaurus was a juvenile of the species. The holotypes of Tarchia kielanae and Minotaurasaurus also indicate a medium size. Confusingly, the skull size often mentioned, with a length of 40 centimetres (16 in) and width of 45 centimetres (18 in), was again based on specimen PIN 3142/250, a much smaller individual. This would make Tarchia the longest known Asian ankylosaur, with an estimated body length of 8 metres (26 ft). Size estimates of Tarchia have been largely based on Dyoplosaurus giganteus, the holotype of which is one of the largest ankylosaurian individuals known. It was found in the Nemegt Formation at the Hermiin Tsav locality, making it coeval with T. tumanovae, known from the holotype MPC-D 100/1353 which consists of a partial skeleton with associated skull. In 2021, Jin-Young Park and team named a new species of Tarchia, T. The study also recognized Minotaurasaurus as a distinct genus. Subsequently, in 2016, a study conducted by Penkalski & Tumanova indicated that PIN 3142/250 is not referable to Saichania due to significant anatomical differences, but instead represents a new species of Tarchia, T. Arbour discovered that the holotype of Tarchia shared distinguishing traits with that of Minotaurasaurus Miles & Miles 2009, concluding that the latter is a junior synonym of Tarchia. This would radically change the common image of Tarchia as this exemplar had been by far the best preserved and most illustrations, museum mounts and indeed scientific research had been based on it. The study by Arbour also concluded that specimen PIN 3142/250, in 1977 referred to Tarchia by Tumanova, probably belonged to Saichania instead. tumanovae holotypeĪ rump with tail and club, specimen ZPAL MgD I/113, once referred to Dyoplosaurus giganteus and subsequently to Tarchia gigantea, was by Arbour seen as different from the D. giganteus is indistinguishable from other ankylosaurs from the late Campanian-Maastrichtian of Mongolia, and hence a nomen dubium the study revived the name Tarchia kielanae. However, recent study by Victoria Megan Arbour indicates that D. This was generally accepted and Tarchia gigantea became the usual species name, as a combinatio nova replacing Tarchia kielanae. ![]() This would make Dyoplosaurus giganteus the senior synonym of Tarchia kielanae. In 1987, Tumanova concluded that both species were identical. This was a renaming of Dyoplosaurus giganteus Maleev 1956, which had been based on specimen PIN 551/29. In 1977, Tatyana Tumanova named a second species: Tarchia gigantea. Tarchia is the geologically youngest of all known Asian ankylosaurid dinosaurs. Maryańska referred three additional specimens: ZPAL MgDI/43, a large postcranial skeleton containing three "free" tail vertebrae, twelve tail vertebrae of the "handle" of the tail club and a scute ZPAL MgDI/49, a right humerus and PIN 3142/251, a skeleton with skull, that as yet remains undescribed. It consists of a skull roof, braincase and rear skull elements. The holotype, ZPal MgD-I/111, was discovered in the Upper Cretaceous (possibly Campanian- Maastrichtian) Barun Goyot Formation (previously known as the 'Lower Nemegt Beds') of the Nemegt Basin of Mongolia. The specific name honours Professor Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, the leader of the expedition. The generic name is derived from Mongolian tarkhi, "brain" and Latin ~ia, in reference to a brain size presumed larger than that of the related form Saichania. In 1977, Teresa Maryańska named and described the type species Tarchia kielanae. In 1970, a Polish-Mongolian expedition discovered an ankylosaurian skull near Khulsan.
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